Lean

Lean is a management philosophy focused on maximising value for the customer while minimising waste.
It originated from the Toyota Production System in manufacturing.
The core goal is to do more with less (time, effort, resources, cost).
Lean identifies and eliminates non-value-adding activities (waste).
Common waste types include overproduction, waiting, defects, and excess motion.
It emphasises continuous improvement (kaizen).
Decision-making is driven by customer value and real-world process data.
Lean promotes efficient flow, standardised work, and empowered teams.